Showing posts with label Diagrams) for the ABS - Non-Hybrid Less than 3900 kg (8600 lb) GVW. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Diagrams) for the ABS - Non-Hybrid Less than 3900 kg (8600 lb) GVW. Show all posts

Sunday, December 20, 2020

2010 Cadillac Truck Escalade/ESV RWD V8-6.2L Page 2958

2010 Cadillac Truck Escalade/ESV RWD V8-6.2L Page 2958

Diagrams) for the ABS - Non-Hybrid Less than 3900 kg (8600 lb) GVW

* Antilock Brake System Schematics (See: Brakes and Traction Control/Antilock Brakes / Traction Control Systems/Diagrams/Electrical

Diagrams) for the ABS - Non-Hybrid Greater than/Equal to 3900 kg (8600 lb) GVW

Connector End View Reference

Component Connector End Views (See: Diagrams/Connector Views)

Description and Operation

Data Link Communications Description and Operation (See: Powertrain Management/Computers and Control Systems/Information

Bus/Description and Operation)

Electrical Information Reference

* Circuit Testing (See: Testing and Inspection/Component Tests and General Diagnostics/General Electrical Diagnostic Procedures/Circuit

Testing/Circuit Testing)

* Connector Repairs (See: Testing and Inspection/Component Tests and General Diagnostics/General Electrical Diagnostic

Procedures/Connector Repairs/Connector Repairs)

* Testing for Intermittent Conditions and Poor Connections (See: Testing and Inspection/Component Tests and General Diagnostics/General

Electrical Diagnostic Procedures/Circuit Testing/Testing for Intermittent Conditions and Poor Connections)

* Wiring Repairs (See: Testing and Inspection/Component Tests and General Diagnostics/General Electrical Diagnostic Procedures/Wiring

Repairs/Wiring Repairs)

Scan Tool Reference

Control Module References (See: Testing and Inspection/Programming and Relearning) for scan tool information

Circuit/System Testing

1. Ignition OFF, disconnect the harness connector of the yaw rate sensor.

2. Ignition ON, verify that a test lamp illuminates between the module voltage circuit and ground.

瀚慖f the test lamp does not illuminate, test the circuit for a short to ground or an open/high resistance. If the circuit tests normal, replace the

EBCM.

3. Ignition OFF, test for less than 5 ohms between the module ground circuits and ground.

瀚慖f greater than the specified value, test the ground circuit for an open/high resistance. If the circuit tests normal, replace the EBCM.

4. If all circuits test normal, replace the yaw rate sensor.

Repair Instructions

Perform the Diagnostic Repair Verification (See: Verification Tests) after completing the diagnostic procedure.

* GMLAN Wiring Repairs (See: Testing and Inspection/Component Tests and General Diagnostics/General Electrical Diagnostic

Procedures/Wiring Repairs/GMLAN Wiring Repairs)

* ABS Description and Operation (See: Brakes and Traction Control/Antilock Brakes / Traction Control Systems/Description and

Operation/ABS Description and Operation) for the ABS - Hybrid

* Vehicle Yaw Sensor with Vehicle Lateral Accelerometer Replacement (See: Brakes and Traction Control/Antilock Brakes / Traction

Control Systems/Yaw Rate Sensor/Service and Repair/Less than 3900 kg (8600 lb) GVW) for the ABS - Non-Hybrid Less than 3900 kg

(8600 lb) GVW

* Vehicle Yaw Sensor with Vehicle Lateral Accelerometer Replacement (See: Brakes and Traction Control/Antilock Brakes / Traction

Control Systems/Yaw Rate Sensor/Service and Repair/Less than 3900 kg (8600 lb) GVW) for the ABS - Non-Hybrid Greater than/Equal to

3900 kg (8600 lb) GVW

* Control Module References (See: Testing and Inspection/Programming and Relearning) for module replacement, setup, and programming

U2140

DTC U2105-U2199

Diagnostic Instructions

* Perform the Diagnostic System Check - Vehicle (See: Testing and Inspection/Initial Inspection and Diagnostic Overview/Diagnostic System

Check - Vehicle) prior to using this diagnostic procedure.

* Review Strategy Based Diagnosis (See: Testing and Inspection/Initial Inspection and Diagnostic Overview/Strategy Based Diagnosis) for an

overview of the diagnostic approach.

* Diagnostic Procedure Instructions (See: Testing and Inspection/Initial Inspection and Diagnostic Overview/Diagnostic Procedure

Instructions) provides an overview of each diagnostic category.

Friday, December 18, 2020

2010 Cadillac Truck Escalade/ESV RWD V8-6.2L Page 2901

2010 Cadillac Truck Escalade/ESV RWD V8-6.2L Page 2901

Diagrams) for the ABS - Non-Hybrid Less than 3900 kg (8600 lb) GVW

* Antilock Brake System Schematics (See: Brakes and Traction Control/Antilock Brakes / Traction Control Systems/Diagrams/Electrical

Diagrams) for the ABS - Non-Hybrid Greater than/Equal to 3900 kg (8600 lb) GVW

Connector End View Reference

Component Connector End Views (See: Diagrams/Connector Views)

Description and Operation

Data Link Communications Description and Operation (See: Powertrain Management/Computers and Control Systems/Information

Bus/Description and Operation)

Electrical Information Reference

* Circuit Testing (See: Testing and Inspection/Component Tests and General Diagnostics/General Electrical Diagnostic Procedures/Circuit

Testing/Circuit Testing)

* Connector Repairs (See: Testing and Inspection/Component Tests and General Diagnostics/General Electrical Diagnostic

Procedures/Connector Repairs/Connector Repairs)

* Testing for Intermittent Conditions and Poor Connections (See: Testing and Inspection/Component Tests and General Diagnostics/General

Electrical Diagnostic Procedures/Circuit Testing/Testing for Intermittent Conditions and Poor Connections)

* Wiring Repairs (See: Testing and Inspection/Component Tests and General Diagnostics/General Electrical Diagnostic Procedures/Wiring

Repairs/Wiring Repairs)

Scan Tool Reference

Control Module References (See: Testing and Inspection/Programming and Relearning) for scan tool information

Circuit/System Testing

1. Ignition OFF, disconnect the harness connector of the yaw rate sensor.

2. Ignition ON, verify that a test lamp illuminates between the module voltage circuit and ground.

瀚慖f the test lamp does not illuminate, test the circuit for a short to ground or an open/high resistance. If the circuit tests normal, replace the

EBCM.

3. Ignition OFF, test for less than 5 ohms between the module ground circuits and ground.

瀚慖f greater than the specified value, test the ground circuit for an open/high resistance. If the circuit tests normal, replace the EBCM.

4. If all circuits test normal, replace the yaw rate sensor.

Repair Instructions

Perform the Diagnostic Repair Verification (See: Verification Tests) after completing the diagnostic procedure.

* GMLAN Wiring Repairs (See: Testing and Inspection/Component Tests and General Diagnostics/General Electrical Diagnostic

Procedures/Wiring Repairs/GMLAN Wiring Repairs)

* ABS Description and Operation (See: Brakes and Traction Control/Antilock Brakes / Traction Control Systems/Description and

Operation/ABS Description and Operation) for the ABS - Hybrid

* Vehicle Yaw Sensor with Vehicle Lateral Accelerometer Replacement (See: Brakes and Traction Control/Antilock Brakes / Traction

Control Systems/Yaw Rate Sensor/Service and Repair/Less than 3900 kg (8600 lb) GVW) for the ABS - Non-Hybrid Less than 3900 kg

(8600 lb) GVW

* Vehicle Yaw Sensor with Vehicle Lateral Accelerometer Replacement (See: Brakes and Traction Control/Antilock Brakes / Traction

Control Systems/Yaw Rate Sensor/Service and Repair/Less than 3900 kg (8600 lb) GVW) for the ABS - Non-Hybrid Greater than/Equal to

3900 kg (8600 lb) GVW

* Control Module References (See: Testing and Inspection/Programming and Relearning) for module replacement, setup, and programming

U2112

DTC U2105-U2199

Diagnostic Instructions

* Perform the Diagnostic System Check - Vehicle (See: Testing and Inspection/Initial Inspection and Diagnostic Overview/Diagnostic System

Check - Vehicle) prior to using this diagnostic procedure.

* Review Strategy Based Diagnosis (See: Testing and Inspection/Initial Inspection and Diagnostic Overview/Strategy Based Diagnosis) for an

overview of the diagnostic approach.

* Diagnostic Procedure Instructions (See: Testing and Inspection/Initial Inspection and Diagnostic Overview/Diagnostic Procedure

Instructions) provides an overview of each diagnostic category.

Tuesday, August 11, 2020

2010 Cadillac Truck Escalade RWD V8-6.2L Page 3015

2010 Cadillac Truck Escalade RWD V8-6.2L Page 3015

Diagrams) for the ABS - Non-Hybrid Less than 3900 kg (8600 lb) GVW

* Antilock Brake System Schematics (See: Brakes and Traction Control/Antilock Brakes / Traction Control Systems/Diagrams/Electrical

Diagrams) for the ABS - Non-Hybrid Greater than/Equal to 3900 kg (8600 lb) GVW

Connector End View Reference

Component Connector End Views (See: Diagrams/Connector Views)

Description and Operation

Data Link Communications Description and Operation (See: Powertrain Management/Computers and Control Systems/Information

Bus/Description and Operation)

Electrical Information Reference

* Circuit Testing (See: Testing and Inspection/Component Tests and General Diagnostics/General Electrical Diagnostic Procedures/Circuit

Testing/Circuit Testing)

* Connector Repairs (See: Testing and Inspection/Component Tests and General Diagnostics/General Electrical Diagnostic

Procedures/Connector Repairs/Connector Repairs)

* Testing for Intermittent Conditions and Poor Connections (See: Testing and Inspection/Component Tests and General Diagnostics/General

Electrical Diagnostic Procedures/Circuit Testing/Testing for Intermittent Conditions and Poor Connections)

* Wiring Repairs (See: Testing and Inspection/Component Tests and General Diagnostics/General Electrical Diagnostic Procedures/Wiring

Repairs/Wiring Repairs)

Scan Tool Reference

Control Module References (See: Testing and Inspection/Programming and Relearning) for scan tool information

Circuit/System Testing

1. Ignition OFF, disconnect the harness connector of the yaw rate sensor.

2. Ignition ON, verify that a test lamp illuminates between the module voltage circuit and ground.

瀚慖f the test lamp does not illuminate, test the circuit for a short to ground or an open/high resistance. If the circuit tests normal, replace the

EBCM.

3. Ignition OFF, test for less than 5 ohms between the module ground circuits and ground.

瀚慖f greater than the specified value, test the ground circuit for an open/high resistance. If the circuit tests normal, replace the EBCM.

4. If all circuits test normal, replace the yaw rate sensor.

Repair Instructions

Perform the Diagnostic Repair Verification (See: Verification Tests) after completing the diagnostic procedure.

* GMLAN Wiring Repairs (See: Testing and Inspection/Component Tests and General Diagnostics/General Electrical Diagnostic

Procedures/Wiring Repairs/GMLAN Wiring Repairs)

* ABS Description and Operation (See: Brakes and Traction Control/Antilock Brakes / Traction Control Systems/Description and

Operation/ABS Description and Operation) for the ABS - Hybrid

* Vehicle Yaw Sensor with Vehicle Lateral Accelerometer Replacement (See: Brakes and Traction Control/Antilock Brakes / Traction

Control Systems/Yaw Rate Sensor/Service and Repair/Less than 3900 kg (8600 lb) GVW) for the ABS - Non-Hybrid Less than 3900 kg

(8600 lb) GVW

* Vehicle Yaw Sensor with Vehicle Lateral Accelerometer Replacement (See: Brakes and Traction Control/Antilock Brakes / Traction

Control Systems/Yaw Rate Sensor/Service and Repair/Less than 3900 kg (8600 lb) GVW) for the ABS - Non-Hybrid Greater than/Equal to

3900 kg (8600 lb) GVW

* Control Module References (See: Testing and Inspection/Programming and Relearning) for module replacement, setup, and programming

U2168

DTC U2105-U2199

Diagnostic Instructions

* Perform the Diagnostic System Check - Vehicle (See: Testing and Inspection/Initial Inspection and Diagnostic Overview/Diagnostic System

Check - Vehicle) prior to using this diagnostic procedure.

* Review Strategy Based Diagnosis (See: Testing and Inspection/Initial Inspection and Diagnostic Overview/Strategy Based Diagnosis) for an

overview of the diagnostic approach.

* Diagnostic Procedure Instructions (See: Testing and Inspection/Initial Inspection and Diagnostic Overview/Diagnostic Procedure

Instructions) provides an overview of each diagnostic category.

Sunday, August 9, 2020

2010 Cadillac Truck Escalade RWD V8-6.2L Page 2958

2010 Cadillac Truck Escalade RWD V8-6.2L Page 2958

Diagrams) for the ABS - Non-Hybrid Less than 3900 kg (8600 lb) GVW

* Antilock Brake System Schematics (See: Brakes and Traction Control/Antilock Brakes / Traction Control Systems/Diagrams/Electrical

Diagrams) for the ABS - Non-Hybrid Greater than/Equal to 3900 kg (8600 lb) GVW

Connector End View Reference

Component Connector End Views (See: Diagrams/Connector Views)

Description and Operation

Data Link Communications Description and Operation (See: Powertrain Management/Computers and Control Systems/Information

Bus/Description and Operation)

Electrical Information Reference

* Circuit Testing (See: Testing and Inspection/Component Tests and General Diagnostics/General Electrical Diagnostic Procedures/Circuit

Testing/Circuit Testing)

* Connector Repairs (See: Testing and Inspection/Component Tests and General Diagnostics/General Electrical Diagnostic

Procedures/Connector Repairs/Connector Repairs)

* Testing for Intermittent Conditions and Poor Connections (See: Testing and Inspection/Component Tests and General Diagnostics/General

Electrical Diagnostic Procedures/Circuit Testing/Testing for Intermittent Conditions and Poor Connections)

* Wiring Repairs (See: Testing and Inspection/Component Tests and General Diagnostics/General Electrical Diagnostic Procedures/Wiring

Repairs/Wiring Repairs)

Scan Tool Reference

Control Module References (See: Testing and Inspection/Programming and Relearning) for scan tool information

Circuit/System Testing

1. Ignition OFF, disconnect the harness connector of the yaw rate sensor.

2. Ignition ON, verify that a test lamp illuminates between the module voltage circuit and ground.

瀚慖f the test lamp does not illuminate, test the circuit for a short to ground or an open/high resistance. If the circuit tests normal, replace the

EBCM.

3. Ignition OFF, test for less than 5 ohms between the module ground circuits and ground.

瀚慖f greater than the specified value, test the ground circuit for an open/high resistance. If the circuit tests normal, replace the EBCM.

4. If all circuits test normal, replace the yaw rate sensor.

Repair Instructions

Perform the Diagnostic Repair Verification (See: Verification Tests) after completing the diagnostic procedure.

* GMLAN Wiring Repairs (See: Testing and Inspection/Component Tests and General Diagnostics/General Electrical Diagnostic

Procedures/Wiring Repairs/GMLAN Wiring Repairs)

* ABS Description and Operation (See: Brakes and Traction Control/Antilock Brakes / Traction Control Systems/Description and

Operation/ABS Description and Operation) for the ABS - Hybrid

* Vehicle Yaw Sensor with Vehicle Lateral Accelerometer Replacement (See: Brakes and Traction Control/Antilock Brakes / Traction

Control Systems/Yaw Rate Sensor/Service and Repair/Less than 3900 kg (8600 lb) GVW) for the ABS - Non-Hybrid Less than 3900 kg

(8600 lb) GVW

* Vehicle Yaw Sensor with Vehicle Lateral Accelerometer Replacement (See: Brakes and Traction Control/Antilock Brakes / Traction

Control Systems/Yaw Rate Sensor/Service and Repair/Less than 3900 kg (8600 lb) GVW) for the ABS - Non-Hybrid Greater than/Equal to

3900 kg (8600 lb) GVW

* Control Module References (See: Testing and Inspection/Programming and Relearning) for module replacement, setup, and programming

U2140

DTC U2105-U2199

Diagnostic Instructions

* Perform the Diagnostic System Check - Vehicle (See: Testing and Inspection/Initial Inspection and Diagnostic Overview/Diagnostic System

Check - Vehicle) prior to using this diagnostic procedure.

* Review Strategy Based Diagnosis (See: Testing and Inspection/Initial Inspection and Diagnostic Overview/Strategy Based Diagnosis) for an

overview of the diagnostic approach.

* Diagnostic Procedure Instructions (See: Testing and Inspection/Initial Inspection and Diagnostic Overview/Diagnostic Procedure

Instructions) provides an overview of each diagnostic category.

Thursday, August 6, 2020

2010 Cadillac Truck Escalade RWD V8-6.2L Page 2901

2010 Cadillac Truck Escalade RWD V8-6.2L Page 2901

Diagrams) for the ABS - Non-Hybrid Less than 3900 kg (8600 lb) GVW

* Antilock Brake System Schematics (See: Brakes and Traction Control/Antilock Brakes / Traction Control Systems/Diagrams/Electrical

Diagrams) for the ABS - Non-Hybrid Greater than/Equal to 3900 kg (8600 lb) GVW

Connector End View Reference

Component Connector End Views (See: Diagrams/Connector Views)

Description and Operation

Data Link Communications Description and Operation (See: Powertrain Management/Computers and Control Systems/Information

Bus/Description and Operation)

Electrical Information Reference

* Circuit Testing (See: Testing and Inspection/Component Tests and General Diagnostics/General Electrical Diagnostic Procedures/Circuit

Testing/Circuit Testing)

* Connector Repairs (See: Testing and Inspection/Component Tests and General Diagnostics/General Electrical Diagnostic

Procedures/Connector Repairs/Connector Repairs)

* Testing for Intermittent Conditions and Poor Connections (See: Testing and Inspection/Component Tests and General Diagnostics/General

Electrical Diagnostic Procedures/Circuit Testing/Testing for Intermittent Conditions and Poor Connections)

* Wiring Repairs (See: Testing and Inspection/Component Tests and General Diagnostics/General Electrical Diagnostic Procedures/Wiring

Repairs/Wiring Repairs)

Scan Tool Reference

Control Module References (See: Testing and Inspection/Programming and Relearning) for scan tool information

Circuit/System Testing

1. Ignition OFF, disconnect the harness connector of the yaw rate sensor.

2. Ignition ON, verify that a test lamp illuminates between the module voltage circuit and ground.

瀚慖f the test lamp does not illuminate, test the circuit for a short to ground or an open/high resistance. If the circuit tests normal, replace the

EBCM.

3. Ignition OFF, test for less than 5 ohms between the module ground circuits and ground.

瀚慖f greater than the specified value, test the ground circuit for an open/high resistance. If the circuit tests normal, replace the EBCM.

4. If all circuits test normal, replace the yaw rate sensor.

Repair Instructions

Perform the Diagnostic Repair Verification (See: Verification Tests) after completing the diagnostic procedure.

* GMLAN Wiring Repairs (See: Testing and Inspection/Component Tests and General Diagnostics/General Electrical Diagnostic

Procedures/Wiring Repairs/GMLAN Wiring Repairs)

* ABS Description and Operation (See: Brakes and Traction Control/Antilock Brakes / Traction Control Systems/Description and

Operation/ABS Description and Operation) for the ABS - Hybrid

* Vehicle Yaw Sensor with Vehicle Lateral Accelerometer Replacement (See: Brakes and Traction Control/Antilock Brakes / Traction

Control Systems/Yaw Rate Sensor/Service and Repair/Less than 3900 kg (8600 lb) GVW) for the ABS - Non-Hybrid Less than 3900 kg

(8600 lb) GVW

* Vehicle Yaw Sensor with Vehicle Lateral Accelerometer Replacement (See: Brakes and Traction Control/Antilock Brakes / Traction

Control Systems/Yaw Rate Sensor/Service and Repair/Less than 3900 kg (8600 lb) GVW) for the ABS - Non-Hybrid Greater than/Equal to

3900 kg (8600 lb) GVW

* Control Module References (See: Testing and Inspection/Programming and Relearning) for module replacement, setup, and programming

U2112

DTC U2105-U2199

Diagnostic Instructions

* Perform the Diagnostic System Check - Vehicle (See: Testing and Inspection/Initial Inspection and Diagnostic Overview/Diagnostic System

Check - Vehicle) prior to using this diagnostic procedure.

* Review Strategy Based Diagnosis (See: Testing and Inspection/Initial Inspection and Diagnostic Overview/Strategy Based Diagnosis) for an

overview of the diagnostic approach.

* Diagnostic Procedure Instructions (See: Testing and Inspection/Initial Inspection and Diagnostic Overview/Diagnostic Procedure

Instructions) provides an overview of each diagnostic category.

Saturday, December 21, 2019

2010 Cadillac Truck Escalade/ESV RWD V8-6.2L Page 3015

2010 Cadillac Truck Escalade/ESV RWD V8-6.2L Page 3015



Diagrams) for the ABS - Non-Hybrid Less than 3900 kg (8600 lb) GVW



* Antilock Brake System Schematics (See: Brakes and Traction Control/Antilock Brakes / Traction Control Systems/Diagrams/Electrical



Diagrams) for the ABS - Non-Hybrid Greater than/Equal to 3900 kg (8600 lb) GVW



Connector End View Reference



Component Connector End Views (See: Diagrams/Connector Views)



Description and Operation



Data Link Communications Description and Operation (See: Powertrain Management/Computers and Control Systems/Information



Bus/Description and Operation)



Electrical Information Reference



* Circuit Testing (See: Testing and Inspection/Component Tests and General Diagnostics/General Electrical Diagnostic Procedures/Circuit



Testing/Circuit Testing)



* Connector Repairs (See: Testing and Inspection/Component Tests and General Diagnostics/General Electrical Diagnostic



Procedures/Connector Repairs/Connector Repairs)



* Testing for Intermittent Conditions and Poor Connections (See: Testing and Inspection/Component Tests and General Diagnostics/General



Electrical Diagnostic Procedures/Circuit Testing/Testing for Intermittent Conditions and Poor Connections)



* Wiring Repairs (See: Testing and Inspection/Component Tests and General Diagnostics/General Electrical Diagnostic Procedures/Wiring



Repairs/Wiring Repairs)



Scan Tool Reference



Control Module References (See: Testing and Inspection/Programming and Relearning) for scan tool information



Circuit/System Testing



1. Ignition OFF, disconnect the harness connector of the yaw rate sensor.



2. Ignition ON, verify that a test lamp illuminates between the module voltage circuit and ground.



瀚慖f the test lamp does not illuminate, test the circuit for a short to ground or an open/high resistance. If the circuit tests normal, replace the



EBCM.



3. Ignition OFF, test for less than 5 ohms between the module ground circuits and ground.



瀚慖f greater than the specified value, test the ground circuit for an open/high resistance. If the circuit tests normal, replace the EBCM.



4. If all circuits test normal, replace the yaw rate sensor.



Repair Instructions



Perform the Diagnostic Repair Verification (See: Verification Tests) after completing the diagnostic procedure.



* GMLAN Wiring Repairs (See: Testing and Inspection/Component Tests and General Diagnostics/General Electrical Diagnostic



Procedures/Wiring Repairs/GMLAN Wiring Repairs)



* ABS Description and Operation (See: Brakes and Traction Control/Antilock Brakes / Traction Control Systems/Description and



Operation/ABS Description and Operation) for the ABS - Hybrid



* Vehicle Yaw Sensor with Vehicle Lateral Accelerometer Replacement (See: Brakes and Traction Control/Antilock Brakes / Traction



Control Systems/Yaw Rate Sensor/Service and Repair/Less than 3900 kg (8600 lb) GVW) for the ABS - Non-Hybrid Less than 3900 kg



(8600 lb) GVW



* Vehicle Yaw Sensor with Vehicle Lateral Accelerometer Replacement (See: Brakes and Traction Control/Antilock Brakes / Traction



Control Systems/Yaw Rate Sensor/Service and Repair/Less than 3900 kg (8600 lb) GVW) for the ABS - Non-Hybrid Greater than/Equal to



3900 kg (8600 lb) GVW



* Control Module References (See: Testing and Inspection/Programming and Relearning) for module replacement, setup, and programming



U2168



DTC U2105-U2199



Diagnostic Instructions



* Perform the Diagnostic System Check - Vehicle (See: Testing and Inspection/Initial Inspection and Diagnostic Overview/Diagnostic System



Check - Vehicle) prior to using this diagnostic procedure.



* Review Strategy Based Diagnosis (See: Testing and Inspection/Initial Inspection and Diagnostic Overview/Strategy Based Diagnosis) for an



overview of the diagnostic approach.



* Diagnostic Procedure Instructions (See: Testing and Inspection/Initial Inspection and Diagnostic Overview/Diagnostic Procedure



Instructions) provides an overview of each diagnostic category.